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What Is The Best Therapy For a Hallucinating AI Patient?

Exploring the Art and Science of Prompt Engineering to Cure LLM Hallucinations

Salvatore Raieli
Level Up Coding
Published in
10 min readNov 11, 2024

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Discover how Large Language Models (LLMs) handle language tasks and the methods to reduce AI inaccuracies known as hallucinations. This study evaluates different prompt engineering strategies, revealing that simpler techniques often outperform complex ones. It also explores how tool-calling agents, which augment LLMs with external tools, can increase hallucination rates, emphasizing the importance of balanced prompt design for optimal performance in NLP tasks.
image generated by the author using AI

Without execution, ‘vision’ is just another word for hallucination. — Mark V. Hurd

A hallucination is a fact, not an error; what is erroneous is a judgment based upon it. — Bertrand Russell

Large language models (LLMs) are ubiquitous today, especially because of their ability to generate text and adapt to different tasks without being trained. In addition, there has been debate about their reasoning capabilities and being able to apply them to solving complex problems or making decisions. Despite what seems like a success story, LLMs are not without flaws and can sometimes generate inaccurate or misleading information, often referred to as hallucinations. Hallucinations are dangerous because they can produce factual errors, bias, and misinformation. Hallucinations and lack of understanding can be a serious risk for sensitive applications (medical, financial, and so on).

One of the reasons for the great success of LLMs is that the interaction is through natural language. A user can simply type in natural language instructions (the prompt) and the model produces output. This has led to the development of various prompt engineering techniques to improve the capabilities of a model for certain tasks. On the one hand, there are prompts created to mitigate hallucinations; on the other hand, these prompts are believed to naturally reduce hallucinations because they have the…

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Written by Salvatore Raieli

Senior data scientist | about science, machine learning, and AI. Top writer in Artificial Intelligence

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